The marriage took most people by surprise. Her birthplace may have been Poitiers, Bordeaux, or Nieul-sur-l'Autise, where her mother and brother died when Eleanor was 6 or 8.[8]. Just outside Poitiers she was ambushed and held captive by Hugh IX of Lusignan, whose lands had been sold to HenryII by his forebears. The French, both soldiers and pilgrims, taken by surprise, were trapped. I cant help wondering whether Stephens behaviour towards Henry, the notion that one could be civil to an enemy, that the cause between them didnt mean they had to personally despise each other, left a mark. Eleanor then returned to Fontevraud where she took the veil as a nun. About four miles from Shrewsbury and close by Haughmond Abbey is "Queen Eleanor's Bower", the remains of a possible triangular timber castle which is believed to have been one of her prisons. Eleanor (or Alinor) was the oldest of three children of William X, Duke of Aquitaine, whose glittering ducal court was renowned in early 12th-century Europe, and his wife, Aenor de Chtellerault, the daughter of Aimery I, Viscount of Chtellerault, and Dangereuse de l'Isle Bouchard, who was William IX's longtime mistress as well as Eleanor's maternal grandmother. The revolt of her sons against her husband in 1173 put her cultural activities to a brutal end. Pioneer Theatre Company presentsThe Lion in Winter, a fascinating look at two of the most iconic figures in English history. The vanguard, with which Queen Eleanor marched, was commanded by her Aquitainian vassal, Geoffrey de Rancon. Henry was the obvious candidate. This suspicion of responsibility did nothing for her popularity in Christendom. It also got Henry and his men out of England quickly and without trouble. She was not released until 6 July 1189, when her husband died and their third son, Richard I, ascended the throne. Hugues de Toucy, archbishop of Sens, presided, and Louis and Eleanor were both present, as were the archbishop of Bordeaux and Rouen. Children born to a marriage that was later annulled were not at risk of being "bastardised," because "[w]here parties married in good faith, without knowledge of an impediment, children of the marriage were legitimate." Two more strong-minded, forceful and determined people could hardly have been matched. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Although Henry and Eleanor were, in many ways, the original European power couple, telling their story presents unique problems. For good measure, accusations were added that she had engaged in an affair with Geoffrey, Count of Anjou, Henrys father, and that her lust for Henry ruined her marriage to Louis. Eleanor's year of birth is not known precisely: a late 13th-century genealogy of her family listing her as 13 years old in the spring of 1137 provides the best evidence that Eleanor was perhaps born as late as 1124. Eleanor of Aquitaine (1137-1152) was one of the most powerful and influential figures of the Middle Ages. Eleanor Henry was born in Los Angeles, United States. Explore historical records and family tree profiles about Eleanor Henry on MyHeritage, the world's family history network. Evidence of the influence she wielded can also be found within the numerous letters she wrote to Pope Celestine III regarding Richard's captivity. [9] Eleanor came to learn arithmetic, the constellations, and history. She had her tomb placed beside that she had commissioned for her husband, Henry, suggesting again a fondness that undermines the view of their relationship as fractious and difficult. See also Other Works | Publicity Listings | Official Sites View agent, publicist, legal and company contact details on IMDbPro Contribute to This Page Edit page We have a full Biography, Photos, Theatre Credits, and more! Consanguinity was grounds for annulment in the medieval period. Those who tried to escape were caught and killed. The sons were William, who died at the age of three; Henry; Richard, the Lionheart; Geoffrey, duke of Brittany; and John, surnamed Lackland until, having outlived all his brothers, he inherited, in 1199, the crown of England. To strengthen their argument, they state that there is no other evidence that Marie ever stayed with her mother in Poitiers. The marriage was now doomed. On 8 July 1174, Henry and Eleanor took ship for England from Barfleur. Neither was heard of for over two months. Continuing on, the army became split, with the commoners marching towards Antioch and the royalty travelling by sea. Within hours, the king had arranged for his son Louis to be married to Eleanor, with Abbot Suger in charge of the wedding arrangements. The king had many mistresses, but although he treated earlier liaisons discreetly, he flaunted Rosamund. I found that period fascinating (and given my interest in the Wars of the Roses I was worried that civil wars fascinated me so much). Copyright 1998 - 2023 Sharon Kay Penman. If you will promise to do this, I in return promise to entreat the merciful Lord to grant you offspring." Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In her attendance at celebrations where their sons were present, there seems little fear on Henrys part that she might try again to incite an uprising. Henry was nineteen years old, bull-necked, stocky and freckled, a man of electric energy and ferocious impatience, compelling charm and an ungovernable temper. 2. [39], Eleanor serves as an important allegorical figure in Ezra Pound's early Cantos.[40]. That made Eleanor a target, and I think it is through this lens that we need to view later criticisms of her, not to mention sordid stories that began to do the rounds. Eleanors latest biographer, Alison Weir, suspects that Eleanor and Henry had been plotting since they met in Paris the previous summer and that Eleanor had deliberately encouraged the annulment of her marriage to Louis. Eleanor played a key role in raising the ransom demanded from England by HenryVI and in the negotiations with the Holy Roman Emperor that eventually secured Richard's release. It was rumoured that the bride and groom had anticipated the ceremony and there was also a story that she had known the grooms late father, Geoffrey of Anjou, considerably better than she should have done. [Berman 228.][why?]) Eleanor went back to England probably early in 1184. Eleanor was the daughter of William X, Duke of Aquitaine, and Anor de Chtellerault. Henry II's troops besieged the town, forcing his son to flee. Alternate titles: Alinor dAquitaine, Alinor de Guyenne, Elonore dAquitaine, Elonore de Guyenne, Eleanor of Guyenne. In debt and refused control of Normandy, he tried to ambush his father at Limoges. A context for the female patron portrait of the, Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Life (2008 edition), "Eleanor [Eleanor of Aquitaine], suo jure duchess of Aquitaine", Eleanor of Aquitaine: The Mother Queen of the Middle Ages (2014 edition), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleanor_of_Aquitaine&oldid=1132445528, This page was last edited on 8 January 2023, at 22:51. Eleanor of Aquitaine, also called Eleanor of Guyenne, French lonore or Alinor, dAquitaine or de Guyenne, (born c. 1122died April 1, 1204, Fontevrault, Anjou, France), queen consort of both Louis VII of France (113752) and Henry II of England (11521204) and mother of Richard I (the Lionheart) and John of England. Late in July 1156, Eleanor left England to join Henry in Anjou with her two younger children. Louis then decided to cross the Phrygian mountains directly in the hope of reaching Raymond of Poitiers in Antioch more quickly. During the period from Henry's accession to the birth of Eleanor's youngest son John, affairs in the kingdom were turbulent: Aquitaine, as was the norm, defied the authority of Henry as Eleanor's husband and answered only to their duchess. She was portrayed by Lynda Bellingham in the BBC series Robin Hood. One of Louis's avowed Crusade goals was to journey in pilgrimage to Jerusalem, and he stated his intention to continue. Henry and Eleanor were an extraordinary couple, who lived extraordinary lives in Eleanors case about three of them. Check out Eleanor Henry's Bio Now Her interest in their second son, Richard, was probably less to do with selecting a favourite child than with his having been conceived in Aquitaine and positioned to be its next duke. She was compared with Penthesilea, mythical queen of the Amazons, by the Greek historian Nicetas Choniates. She did not have the opportunity to see her sons very often during her imprisonment, though she was released for special occasions such as Christmas. Although their sons and other rebels were swiftly forgiven and rehabilitated. [23] Thus was conceived their second childnot a son, but another daughter, Alix of France. The girls were 3 years old when "The Help" was filmed. According to feudal customs, Eleanor then regained possession of Aquitaine, and two months later she married the grandson of Henry I of England, Henry Plantagenet, count of Anjou and duke of Normandy. There is, I think, so much more to their story than we usually allow. The four published mysteries are the Queen's Man, Cruel as the Grave, Dragon's Lair, and Prince of Darkness. Stephens oldest son died, his other son expressed no desire to become king, and Stephen adopted Henry as his son and appointed him heir to England. The annulment gave Eleanor back Aquitaine and Poitou, which she took with her eight weeks later to Henry, Count of Anjou and Duke of Normandy, to whom, incidentally, she was just as closely related as she had been to Louis. We have a full Biography, Photos, Theatre Credits, and more! She immediately sent word to Henry to come promptly and marry her, and meanwhile summoned her principal vassals to renew their allegiance to her as Duchess of Aquitaine. Among those startled by this development was King Louis, who was furious that neither party had asked his consent, which he would of course have refused. Eleanor was suspected of instigating, or at least encouraging and facilitating, the revolt. Eleanor is related to Yolanda Siobhan Henry and A C Henry as well as 3 additional people. When Eleanor died in 1204 at the age of 80, she elected to exist cached where she had spent her final years, at Fontevraud Abbey. View Eleanor Henry results including current phone number, address, relatives, background check report, and property record with Whitepages. On 18 May 1152 (Whit Sunday), eight weeks after her annulment, Eleanor married Henry "without the pomp and ceremony that befitted their rank."[24]. In 1137 Duke William X left Poitiers for Bordeaux and took his daughters with him. Select this result to view Eleanor D Henry's phone number, address, and more. [12][37] William of Newburgh emphasised the charms of her person, and even in her old age Richard of Devizes described her as beautiful, while Matthew Paris, writing in the 13thcentury, recalled her "admirable beauty". Henry was by no means faithful to his wife and had a reputation for philandering; he fathered other, illegitimate, children throughout the marriage. Its a fair question. A now heavily pregnant Eleanor,[25] was crowned queen of England by Theobald of Bec, the Archbishop of Canterbury, on 19 December 1154. Five-year-old twins Emma and Ella Henry, of Madison, who played Mae Mobley in "The Help," watched the film for the first time on Sunday. Henry lies still, his eyes closed, holding his regalia, as he probably never was in life. In the 2003 television film version, Eleanor was played by Glenn Close alongside Patrick Stewart as Henry. He added that she gained the epithet chrysopous (golden-foot) from the cloth of gold that decorated and fringed her robe. Arthur learned of her whereabouts and besieged her in the castle of Mirebeau. It is for this reason that I didnt see Eleanors move to Aquitaine in 1168 as the split in their relationship it is often portrayed as. [4] Eleanor developed skills in conversation, dancing, games such as backgammon, checkers, and chess, playing the harp, and singing. Eleanor had only two daughters by Louis VII, but to her new husband she bore five sons and three daughters. Louis accordingly bolted the gates of Bourges against the new bishop. Eleanor recruited some of her royal ladies-in-waiting for the campaign as well as 300 non-noble Aquitainian vassals. Eleanor survived Richard and lived well into the reign of her youngest son, King John. It was rumoured by some that Eleanor had had an affair with Henry's own father, Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou, who had advised his son to avoid any involvement with her. [11] Later, during the first four years of HenryII's reign, her siblings joined Eleanor's royal household. In April 1145, Eleanor gave birth to a daughter, Marie. Although the figures are intended as Eleanor of Aquitaine, Henry II of England, and William Marshall, the story is an entire invention. Yet despite his impending death, Louis's mind remained clear. Eleanor, who was about thirty, had already been queen of France for fifteen years through her first marriage and by her second she would soon be queen of England. The king and queen were still optimisticthe Byzantine Emperor had told them that King Conrad III of Germany had won a great victory against a Turkish army when in fact the German army had been almost completely destroyed at Dorylaeum. The effigy on her tomb shows a tall and large-boned woman with brown skin, though this may not be an accurate representation. Between 1190 and 1194, Richard was absent from England, engaged in the Third Crusade from 1190 to 1192, and then held in captivity by Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor. He claims that Eleanor, her daughter Marie, Ermengarde, Viscountess of Narbonne, and Isabelle of Flanders would sit and listen to the quarrels of lovers and act as a jury to the questions of the court that revolved around acts of romantic love. Fans of medieval historical fiction wont want to miss this. She was beautiful and just, imposing and modest, humble and elegant; and, as the nuns of Fontevrault wrote in their necrology, a queen who surpassed almost all the queens of the world.. Even before the Crusade, Eleanor and Louis were becoming estranged, and their differences were only exacerbated while they were abroad. She had inherited her fathers enormous estates in her teens on his death in 1137 and her first husband, Louis VII of France, had been quite unable to stand up to her. "[32] One source claimed that the queen sent her younger sons to France "to join with him against their father the king. Louis was a weak and ineffectual military leader with no skill for maintaining troop discipline or morale, or of making informed and logical tactical decisions. Blurry borders and ill-defined authority were no good to Henry. This was duly lifted for long enough to allow Theobald's lands to be restored; it was then lowered once more when Raoul refused to repudiate Petronilla, prompting Louis to return to Champagne and ravage it once more. Their daughters were declared legitimate, custody was awarded to Louis, and Eleanor's lands were restored to her. Notwithstanding, during their three-week stay at Constantinople, Louis was fted and Eleanor was much admired. Select this result to view Eleanor G Henry's phone number, address, and more. Beautiful, capricious, and adored by Louis, Eleanor exerted considerable influence over him, often goading him into undertaking perilous ventures. Many men, horses, and much of the baggage were cast into the canyon below. While his main focus is the Wars of the Roses and Richard III, hes a historian of the middle ages in general. As the heiress of the House of Poitiers, which controlled much of . In addition, having been close to him in their youth, she now showed what was considered to be "excessive affection" towards her uncle.[22]. Eleanor also appears briefly in the first novel of Penman's Welsh trilogy, Here Be Dragons. It allowed him to meet the chivalric imperative of helping another, and a family member too, to help prevent him suffering dishonour. She was the great patron of the two dominant poetic movements of the time: the courtly love tradition, conveyed in the romantic songs of the troubadours, and the historical matire de Bretagne, or legends of Brittany, which originated in Celtic traditions and in the Historia regum Britanniae, written by the chronicler Geoffrey of Monmouth sometime between 1135 and 1138. Little is known of Eleanor's involvement in these events. Omissions? Her numerous children included Richard I and John, both of whom assumed the British throne. Upon the death of her husband Henry II on 6 July 1189, Richard I was the undisputed heir. [4] She also learned domestic skills such as household management and the needle arts of embroidery, needlepoint, sewing, spinning, and weaving. Any prolonged dispute between Henry and his sons played into the French kings hands and was a dynastic risk to all that Henry and Eleanor had built. Marriage to Henry II and administration of England, Armand-Jean du Plessis, cardinal et duc de Richelieu, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eleanor-of-Aquitaine, World History Encyclopedia - Eleanor of Aquitaine, The Ohio State University - eHistory - Eleanor of Aquitaine, Heritage History - Biography of Eleanor of Aquitaine, Eleanor of Aquitaine - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Eleanor of Aquitaine, Richard I, and Henry II. It became Elanor in the langues d'ol of northern France and Eleanor in English. He even arranged for Eleanor and Louis to sleep in the same bed. Borders and rights were often left deliberately in fuzzy, grey areas to avoid endless disputes, but Henry craved definition and certainty. Henry lost the woman reputed to be his great love, Rosamund Clifford, in 1176. Eleanor would remain in England for most of the rest of Henrys life in what is usually characterised as comfortable house arrest. Its incredible how theyve stuck despite a lack of real evidence for them, and plenty of political motivations for seeking to undermine her. She is survived by her husband of over 76 years Chester, three . Eleanor has her eyes open, watchful still. When Eleanor died in 1204 at the age of 80, she elected to be buried where she had spent her final years, at Fontevraud Abbey. It feels like something we could do with more of today. On television, she has been portrayed in this play by Una Venning in the BBC Sunday Night Theatre version (1952) and by Mary Morris in the BBC Shakespeare version (1984). The marriage was annulled in March 1152 on grounds of consanguinity. Website:Matt Lewis Home (mattlewisauthor.com)Blog:Matts History Blog Hopefully interesting snippets and thoughts (wordpress.com)Twitter: @MattLewisAuthor. In the cost Henry incurred on her care, and her placement at one of her favourite castles at Old Sarum, there is little trace of the vindictive, wronged husband. Archbishop Samson received assurances from Louis that Eleanor's lands would be restored to her. Eleanor's daughter, Queen Eleanor of Castile, had two remaining unmarried daughters, Urraca and Blanche. Of all her influence on culture, Eleanor's time in Poitiers between 1168 and 1173 was perhaps the most critical, yet very little is known about it. [9] However, until a husband was found, the king had the legal right to Eleanor's lands. [5] She lived well into the reign of her youngest son, John. One of his first acts as king was to send William Marshal to England with orders to release Eleanor from prison; he found upon his arrival that her custodians had already released her. After their return to France and a short-lived reconciliation, their marriage was annulled in March 1152. Louis and later his son Philip II consistently tried to drive a wedge between Henry and his sons to disrupt the vast territories they saw as a challenge to Capetian authority. Louis was personally involved in the assault and burning of the town of Vitry. Flower and Hawk is a monodrama for soprano and orchestra, written by American composer, Carlisle Floyd that premiered in 1972, in which the soprano (Eleanor of Aquitaine) relives past memories of her time as queen, and at the end of the monodrama, hears the bells that toll for Henry II's death, and in turn, her freedom. The king of France, known as Louis the Fat, was also gravely ill at that time, suffering from a bout of dysentery from which he appeared unlikely to recover. [16] She may not have been anointed on this occasion, however, because she had already been anointed in 1137. Upon Williams death in 1137 she inherited the duchy of Aquitaine and in July 1137 married the heir to the French throne, who succeeded his father, Louis VI, the following month. 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